418. Presumption of Negligence per se

418. Presumption of Negligence per se Instruction No 1 Request by Plaintiff Request by Defendant Requested by Given as Proposed Given as Modified Given on Court222s Motion Refused Withdrawn Judge Instruction No 1 [Insert citation to statute, regulation, or ordinance] states: . If you decide 1. That [name of plaintiff/defendant] violated this law and 2. That the violation was a substantial factor in bringing about the harm, then you must find that [name of plaintiff/defendant] was negligent [unless you also find that the violation was excused]. If you find that [name of plaintiff/defendant] did not violate this law or that the violation was not a substantial factor in bringing about the harm [or if you find the violation was excused], then you must still decide whether [name of plaintiff/defendant] was negligent in light of the other instructions.